November 1:  Structures of Authority in early Christianity<br>
<br>
1.  Local:<br>
*****Bishop<br>
**********Baptism (initiation) --> infant baptism<br>
***************Apostles' Creed, Lord's Prayer<br>
**********Eucharist (excommunication --> penance)<br>
*******first "priests" (Rome)<br>
<br>
2.  Councils<br>
*****Nicea 325<br>
*****Constantinople 381<br>
*****Ephesus 431<br>
*****Chalcedon 451<br>
**********emperors presiding over bishops (eastern pattern)<br>

3.  "Popes"<br>
*****Peter to fourth century<br>
*****role of Leo the Great at Chalcedon (451)<br>
*****aristocratic takeover of the church<br>
*****Gregory the Great:  spiritual authority<br>
**********ecclesiastical authority (other provinces)<br>
**********temporal authority (papal estates --> papal states)<br>
**********temporal authority (de facto governor of Rome)<br>

4.  Heresy and orthodoxy<br>
	----never completely orthodox<br>
	----but everybody always believed they should be<br>
	----eventual subsidence into Greek/Latin halves of empire<br>